手术同意书的法律性质及效力

The operation consent’Legal nature and effect

目前,医患矛盾呈现愈演愈烈的态势,由于医患关系在现今社会中的重要地位,医患双方的矛盾已严重影响到整个社会的和谐。作为维护医患双方权益的手术同意书,本应是减少摩擦的"润滑剂",但是实际上并没有发挥它真正的作用,反而引发了医患双方更多的矛盾。我国手术同意书制度存在许多问题,其中之一就是医患双方对其法律性质认识不清。针对手术同意书的法律性质,有合同说、风险承担说、授权委托说及知情同意说等多种学说。本文针对这些学说进行具体分析,并且着重分析了其中的合同说与知情同意说,在此基础上指出了手术同意书的法律效力:一方面表明医疗行为合法,另一方面正确的划分医患双方的责任承担范围。最后在知情同意法律性质的基础上,对现行手术同意书从主体、标准范围、方式和例外情形等角度提出改进建议,希望可以使该制度更趋合理化,促进医患关系的和谐发展。

Currently in China, doctor-patient conflicts have become more and more serious. Because the doctor-patient relationship is so important in modem society, they have severely affected social harmony. As a means to protect the rights of both the doctor and patient, operation consents should act as ＂lubricants＂ to ease conflicts. Nevertheless, we do not make a good use of it. On the contrary it causes more problems, there are a lot of problems in this system, one of them is the misunderstanding of the operation consents＇legal nature. There are many theories about the legal nature including contract theory, risk taking theory, authorization theory and Informed consent theory. This article analyzes these theories and gives priority to the contract theory and the Informed consent theory. And then point out the legal effect of the operation consents： on one hand it demonstrates the Legitimacy of the Medical practice; on the other hand it divides the range of risk taking. On the basis of Informed consent theory, this article proposes some suggestions for improvement about the subject, Standard range, mode, Exceptions expecting to make it more reasonable. In this way, the Doctor-patient relationship can develop in harmony.