重庆南山夏季主要生态因子动态及川山茶叶片耐热反应研究

The Dynamics of the Main Ecological Factors in Summer and Heat Tolerance of Camellia japonica L. Cultivars at Nanshan of Chongqing

对重庆南山植物园山茶园树体周围的3个主要生态因子(温度、湿度、光照强度)在8月份的变化情况进行了动态观察,从叶部的形态变化系统记录了30个川山茶品种在8月份的热害生态反应特征.结果表明:川山茶大多数品种叶片都受到不同程度的热害,上中旬最热,是集中受害的时间,下旬逐渐降温,树体开始恢复,少数品种在下旬才表现出热害;耐热能力较强的品种是"重庆红"、"川玛瑙"、"吊钟茶"、"红六方"、"牡丹茶"、"三学士"和"十八学士",没有发生热害;中等耐热能力的品种是"小红莲"、"怒春红"、"绒团茶"等14个品种;对热中等敏感的是"紫金冠"、"白玉片"、"红海螺"和"七心白";对热敏感的品种是"花洋红"、"花五宝"、"小桃红"、"焦渴鱼血牡丹"和"七心红",没有整株热死的现象.认为川山茶具有较强的耐热性,重庆南山保存川山茶资源较为适宜.

The dynamical changes of three main ecological factors（temperature,humidity and light intensity） in August around the Camellia Orchard at Nanshan Botanical Garden of Chongqing were recorded in 2010.The heat tolerance of thirty cultivars of C.japonica L.was investigated.The result indicated that August was characterized by high temperature,low humidity and high light intensity.The leaves of the Camellia cultivars suffered,in different degrees,heat injury.Early and mid-August were the main periods when these cultivars were damaged by high heat.In late August,the temperature decreased gradually and the trees of many cultivars resumed growth.But a few cultivars began to show heat injury only in late August.Cultivars Chongqinghong,Chuanmanao,Diaochongcha,Hongliufang,Mudancha,Sanxueshi and Shibaxueshi showed the greatest heat tolerance and no heat injury occurred on the trees.Fourteen cultivars,including Xiaohonglian,Nuchunhong and Rongtuancha,had fairly good heat tolerance ability.Cultivars Zijinguan,Baiyupian,Honghailuo and Qixinbai had rather low heat tolerance.Cultivars Huayanghong,Huawubao,Xiaotaohong,Jiaokeyuxuemudan and Qixinhong had the lowest heat tolerance ability.However,no Camellia plants died in August.It is concluded that C.japonica L.has strong heat tolerance ability,and Chongqing＇s Nanshan is a suitable place to preserve Camellia resources.