欧盟第三阶段天然气市场自由化改革及其对俄欧天然气合作的影响

The 3rd-phase reform of the EU gas market liberalization and its impacts on the natural gas cooperation between Russia and Europe

欧盟推动天然气市场自由化改革,既是为了鼓励竞争、限制垄断以提高供气效率和供气安全性,在欧盟内部建立统一、开放的天然气市场,也是为了联合欧盟各国一致对俄,在与俄罗斯的能源博弈中提高议价能力,因此欧盟天然气市场自由化改革对俄欧天然气合作具有巨大影响。1)俄罗斯根据长期合同向欧洲供气的传统机制将受到冲击;2)俄管道气面临来自LNG的激烈竞争,迫使俄方改变天然气价与油价挂钩的传统定价机制;3)共同能源政策的制定和实施将提高欧盟对外议价能力,使俄在对欧天然气谈判中的议价能力相对削弱。欧盟第三阶段天然气市场自由化改革使俄罗斯面临巨大压力,但同时却为中国发展对俄天然气合作提供了战略机遇,中国应抓住这一难得的机遇,争取在与俄天然气合作中取得实质性的突破。

The EU natural gas market liberalization reforms aimed at not only encouraging competition and restricting monopoly,so as to improve the efficiency and security of gas supply,and to establish a unified open internal natural gas market within the EU,but also forming an alliance of the EU countries and increasing their bargaining power in the energy games against Russia.Therefore,the EU gas market liberalization reforms have a huge impact on the natural gas cooperation between Russia and Europe.1)the traditional mechanism that Russia provides gas supply to Europe based on long-term contracts will suffer;2)Russian pipeline gas faces a fierce competition from LNG which forces Russia to change its traditional pricing system of linking the natural gas prices with the oil prices;3)the formulation and implementation of EU common energy policies will improve its external bargaining power and thus that of Russia will be weakened comparatively.Russia comes under enormous pressure due to the 3rd-phase reform of the EU gas market liberalization which,on the contrary,provides a strategic chance for the natural gas cooperation between Russia and China.Therefore,we should take advantage of this rare opportunity and strive for a breakthrough of natural gas cooperation with Russia.