用制度保障海洋油气勘探开发安全

Using a system to protect offshore oil and gas exploration

渤海湾蓬莱19-3油田漏油事件的发生与监管过程表明,一方面该油田在整体开发方案的优化设计、对安全经营边际的认识与研究、井控系统、最优沉没成本选择时的决策等方面存在问题,另一方面暴露出了政府对海洋石油开发的监管技术能力的不足。2010年,墨西哥湾漏油事故推动了美国政府对海洋油气勘探开发制度的进一步完善和规范。美国政府执法部门不仅从程序上进行调整,也在施工安全的实质内容的监管方面做了完善,同时,在监管技术手段方面增加了投入,以确保监测的科学性。对比之下,对于渤海湾蓬莱19-3油田漏油事件的监管和处理,表明中国政府在职能部门的分工、监管能力、监管内容和手段方面,仍然存在明显的问题和差距。应抓紧建立、健全有效的监管体系和制度,保障海洋油气勘探开发的安全。

The supervision and unfolding of the oil spill accident at the Penglai 19-3 oil field in Bohai Bay raise many questions about the optimum overall development plan,awareness of and research into a safe operating margin,the proper well control system and the optimum allocation of sunk costs in this oilfield.This also reveals the government's lack of ability to regulate offshore oil development.The 2010 Gulf of Mexico oil spill made the U.S.government improve and standardize offshore oil and gas exploration and development practices.U.S.government law enforcement agencies not only adjusted practices,but also improved construction safety regulation.At the same time the U.S.government has increased the investment in safety technology to ensure scientific monitoring.In contrast,monitoring and treatment of the oil spill accident at the Penglai 19-3 oil field in Bohai Bay reveals problems and gaps in the Chinese government's assignment of functions,and regulatory capability,content and tools.China's government should pay attention to establishing an effective regulatory system to ensure the safety of offshore oil exploration and development.