美国学习不良概念的发展、问题及对策

The Notion of Learning Disability in America:The Developments,Problems and Solutions

学习不良概念自提出后一直存在争议。学习不良的正式定义和操作定义都存在一些问题。正式定义处于规定定义的发展水平,缺乏科学定义的两个关键元素——理解性和解释性。操作定义缺乏与正式定义的逻辑联系,变异性太大,在实际使用中也存在一些问题。针对学习不良的定义问题,研究者提出了不同的解决方法。

The notion of learning disability has been a long-standing source of controversy after its emergence. There are some problems in formal and operational definition. The formal definition is a stipulative definition,and it lacks two critical scientific elements,namely understanding and explanation. The operational definition does not possess a logical and rational relationship to dements stipulated in the formal definition. Moreover,the variability in identification is considerable. There are also some difficulties in the practice of using operational definition. Researchers have proposed different methods to solve the definition problem.