我国人力资本地区分布差异及其变化考探——基于不平等指数的度量与分解视角

An Study on China' s Differences in Regional Distribution of Human Capital and Their Changes:Based on the Perspective of Measurement and Decomposition of Inequality Indices

本文运用基尼系数等不平等指数,考查了21世纪以来我国分地区的人力资本分布差异情况及其变化特征。结果表明,我国分地区的人力资本分布存在着较大的差异,其中东、中、西部地区间差距对总体差异的贡献率达到35%以上,而城乡间的差距贡献率一直都在75%以上;2005年之前我国人力资本的分布经历了一个分化的过程,2005年后尽管普及九年义务教育力度的提升在一定程度上平衡了乡村地区的人力资本分布,但城乡差距在总体差异中的贡献不但没有减小,反而还有所扩大。

This paper uses some index such as the Gini coefficient etc.to explore the differences in human capital distribution and their change characteristics in China＇s sub-regions since the 21 century.The results show that there are large differences in the distribution of human capital in sub-regions.The contribution of the difference among eastern,central and western regions is above 35%,and the contribution of the rural-urban gap is always above 75%.Besides,the distribution of human capital has undergone a process of diverge before 2005,and the increased compulsory education to some extent balances the human capital distribution in rural areas after 2005,however,the contribution of urban-rural gap to the overall differences has not decreased,but has expanded.