乌鲁木齐城市植被类型及其特点

Study on Types and Features of Urban Vegetation in Urumqi

根据人为干扰程度、群落功能以及优势建群种,将乌鲁木齐市城市植被划分为自然植被、半自然植被和人工植被3个植被类、13个植被组和125个植被型。自然植被类划分为7个植被组82个植被型;半自然植被类划分为4个植被组33个植被型;人工植被类划分为2个植被组10个植被型。乌鲁木齐自然植被类谱系完整,旱生和超旱生灌木、半灌木及多年生草本优势明显。半自然植被类由于人类活动的扰动,植物群落物种数量较自然植被明显增多,乔灌木比例加大,上层乔灌木种类大部分为人工栽培种,草本组多为原生和外来的野生植物种,部分物种呈斑块状分布并沿灌溉带呈线状分布,物种多样性指数较高。人工植被类中园林绿地破碎度较高,呈点、块、条状散布于城市中心,覆盖率低,种群间和群落间关联度小。其中,以防护林绿地为主,群落中引入归化种和外来种的比例过高;受市场经济影响,农业植被组以粮食、蔬菜和油料为主。

According to the degree of human disturbance,community functions and advantages of the dominant and constructive species,in this paper,urban vegetation in Urumqi was divided into three parts,i.e.the natural vegetation,semi-natural vegetation and artificial vegetation,including 3 vegetation races,13 vegetation groups and 125 vegetation types.Natural vegetation race is classified into 7 vegetation groups,i.e.the coniferous forest vegetation group,broadleaf forest vegetation group,shrub vegetation group,desert vegetation group,meadow vegetation group,steppe vegetation group and alpine vegetation group with 82 vegetation types;semi-natural vegetation race is divided into 4 vegetation groups,i.e.the broadleaf forest vegetation group,shrub vegetation group,herbaceous vegetation group and partner person vegetation group with 33 vegetation types;artificial vegetation race is classified into 2 vegetation groups,i.e.the green space and agricultural vegetation group with 10 vegetation types.Urumqi has a full spectrum of natural vegetation race and rich type diversity.Affected by inland desert climate,the zonal desert vegetation types develop well,and there are the obvious advantages in xerophyte shrubs,super-xerophyte shrubs,semi-shrubs and perennial herbaceous vegetation.The number of plant community species of semi-natural vegetation race is increased significantly due to human disturbance,and the proportions of trees and shrubs are increased compared with those of natural vegetation.In the community,the majorities of the upper species of trees and shrubs are the cultivated species,while the most endemic herb groups are composed of the wild and exotic species.All these make the species diversity index of the semi-natural vegetation be relatively high.Green space of artificial vegetation race has a high fragmentation,showing a spatial distribution of points,blocks,slabs and other forms with a low vegetation coverage and low correlation between communities and populations in the central area of the city.Among them,the protection green space is dominated by a high proportion of the introduced exotic species and naturalized species.Affected by market economy,agricultural vegetation group is composed of three main vegetation types,i.e.the food,vegetable and oilseed plants.