中国史学中的女性优伶伎艺描述

The description of the traditional actresses' art skills in Chinese historiography

中国史学中对于女性优伶伎艺的描述,一是专工一行,除了工于行当,女性优伶大多擅长某项伎艺,或歌唱,或舞蹈,或做打;二是一专多能,多才多艺,具有全面演艺素质;三是具备一定文化艺术素养,能够吟诗作词,审音度律;四是师承和家传背景,许多女性优伶所以技高一筹,与前辈的指导与栽培有关,同时,家庭环境的熏陶渗透,家族内部的传授指点,对于培养一个出色优伶,自然也是一种重要成长因素;五是"明星制"的现象,自元代始许多女性优伶声名远播,以她们的高超演伎,以及相应的影响力和号召力,来吸引和招徕观客。

The Chinese historiography has described the traditional actresses＇ art skills from five aspects.First,as an actress,she knows one of art skills inside out,such as singing,dancing and acrobatics.Second,she is a versatile person as well as a specialist,having all the makings of a fine actress.Third,she possesses certain literary and artistic accomplishments.She knows not only poetry and lyrics,but also melody and rhythm.Forth,many traditional actresses are the pupils of masters.They have benefited a lot from the guidance of masters.In addition,the family environment is also very important for the training of a fine actress.Fifth,since Yuan dynasty,with great skills,many actresses began to have the public influence to appeal lots of audiences,which we now call it as the star power.