肺血栓栓塞症62例临床分析

Clinical analysis of 62 cases of pulmonary thromboembolism

目的总结肺血栓栓塞症(PTE)的临床特点。方法选取62例临床资料完整的PTE患者,分为高危组和非高危组,分析常见高危因素、临床表现、治疗手段与疗效关系。结果 PTE患者高危因素前3位依次为心脑血管疾病(高血压56.6%、冠心病35.5%、糖尿病24.2%、脑梗死24.2%),下肢静脉血栓(72.6%),手术或骨折制动(22.6%)。呼吸困难(82.3%)、胸痛(32.3%)为常见症状;呼吸频率增快(63.2%)是最常见的体征。高危组与非高危组治疗效果比较有显著性差异(P=0.000);溶栓组与抗凝组治疗效果(P=0.024)、出血风险(P=0.119)无显著性差异。结论重视PTE患者高危因素、常见临床表现可提高临床PTE诊断率。非高危组治疗效果优于高危组。

Objective To summarize the risk factors, clinical manifestations and treatment efficacy of pulmonary thromboembolism （PTE）. Methods Sixty-two PTE patients with complete clinical data were included and divided into high-risk group and non -high risk group. The common risk factors, clinical manifestations, treatment and effecicacy between the two groups were compared. Results The first three risk factors of PTE patients were cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases （hypertension 56.6% , coronary heart disease 35.5% , diabetes 24.2% , cerebral infarction 24.2% ）, lower limb deep venous thrombosis （72.6% ）, operation or fracture （22.6% ）. The common clinical symptoms were dyspnea （82.3%）, chest pain （32.3%）. And increased respiration rate （63.2%） was the most common sign. There was significant difference in the treatment response between the high-risk group and the non-high risk group （P=0.000）. However, there were no differences in the efficacy of thrombolysis and anticoagulation （P = 0.024）, as well as bleeding between the two groups （P = 0.119）. Conclusions Being alert to the high risk factors and common clinical manifestations of PTE patients may improve the clinical diagnostic rate of PTE. The treatment efficacy of the non-high risk group is better than that of the high risk group.