鲁中南砂石山区不同林分类型保土功能及其效益

Functions and Benefits of Soil Conservation of Different Forest Types in Sand Mountain of Central South Shandong

以临朐县辛庄水土保持试验站营造的6种林分为研究对象,研究不同林分类型的保土效益。结果表明:刺槐、麻栎、五角枫、黄连木等阔叶树种林分的枯落物多,林下草本植物盖度大,吸持和拦蓄地表径流能力强,枯落物腐烂分解后改善土壤理化性状良好,土壤渗透速度快,0-20 cm草本植物根系生物量大,固持土壤免遭地表径流的冲刷,保土功能强;而黑松、侧柏等针叶树种林分相应的保土功能较弱。6种林分类型与对照相比减少的土壤侵蚀量:以刺槐林最大,为43.22 t/hm2;麻栎林、五角枫林和黄连木林的次之,分别为41.85,39.74,38.39 t/hm2;而黑松林和侧柏林的较小,分别为31.32,29.41 t/hm2。通过对不同林分类型的枯落物层蓄积量、土壤总孔隙度、土壤非毛管孔隙度、土壤有机质含量、土壤渗透速率、林下草本植物生物量、减少土壤侵蚀量等进行方差分析,均存在显著差异,计算结果显示,6种林分类型保土效益大小排序为刺槐林>麻栎林>五角枫林>黄连木林>黑松林>侧柏林。

The soil conservation function of six forest types were studied in soil and water conservation experiment station of Linqu.The results showed that the Robinia pseudoacacia Linn.stand controlled the biggest soil erosion amount of 43.22 t/hm^2,followed by stand of Quercus acutissima Carr.,Acer mono Maxim.,and Pistacia chinensis Bunge with the amount of 41.85,39.74,38.39 t/hm^2.The Pinus thunbergii Parl and Platycladus orientalis（Linn.）Franco stand controlled the smaller amount of 31.32,29.41 t/hm^2.From the variance analysis of indexes,such as the amount of litter layer,total soil porosity,soil non-capillary porosity,soil organic matter content,soil infiltration rate,biomass of understory herbs,controlled amount of soil erosion,there were significant differences between different stands.The results showed that the soil conservation benefits of six different forest types decreased in the order of Robinia pseudoacacia Linn.,Quercus acutissima Carr.,Acer mono Maxim.,Pistacia chinensis Bunge,Pinus thunbergii Parl and Platycladus orientalis（Linn.）Franco.