中国银行业实施巴塞尔Ⅲ:进展与趋势

China's Banking Sector to Implement Basel Ⅲ: Progress and Trends

巴塞尔Ⅲ以资本要求、监管检查、市场约束为三大支柱,主要侧重第一支柱的改革,在重视资本监管的同时,将流动性风险提升到信用风险同等重要的高度;在第二支柱和第三支柱上也有所调整,引入了宏观审慎监管,将其与微观监管手段相结合。中国银行监管当局明确了宏观审慎与微观审慎兼顾、资本监管和流动性监管并重、资本数量和质量同步提高的改革方向,并提出同步推进实施巴塞尔Ⅱ和巴塞尔Ⅲ。2008年金融危机之后,中国宏观经济基本面复苏强劲,为中国银行业顺利推行巴塞尔Ⅲ创造了良好的外部环境,中国银行业在危机中的损失较小、其自身各项经济指标相对稳健也为推行巴塞尔Ⅲ创立了有利的先决条件,但是当前监管工具和银行自身存在的诸多问题仍会影响巴塞尔Ⅲ实施的进程和效果。

Basel III takes capital requirements,supervisory review,market discipline as the three pillars,focused primarily on the reform of the first pillar,and attached importance to capital supervision,while liquidity risk will be elevated to a high degree of credit risk are equally important;the second pillar and third pillars have also been adjusted by introducting of macro-prudential regulation,supervision and control measures to be combined with the micro.Chinese banking supervisory authorities identified direction of reform by taking into account both the macro-prudential and micro-prudential capital regulation,supervision of both liquidity and capital,improving capital quantity and quality synchronize,and proposed to proceed with the implementation of the Basel II and Basel III.Overcome the financial crisis,the strong recovery in China＇s macroeconomic fundamentals creates a favorable external environment for the smooth implementation of Basel.The slightly loss of China＇s banking sector during crisis and its own relatively stable economic indicators provides the favorable prerequisites for implementation of Basel.However,the current regulatory tools and the banks themselves will still exist many problems affecting the implementation of the Basel process and results.