福建省铁观音茶园土壤钼含量状况调查与分析

Investigation and analysis of soil molybdenum in the Tieguanyin tea plantations of Fujian Province

为了解福建铁观音茶园土壤钼供应能力,对福建省安溪县、华安县及永春县14个铁观音生产乡镇133个铁观音茶园表层土壤和相应的茶叶钼含量进行了调查。结果表明,133个供试铁观音茶园土壤全钼含量在0.29～23.17 mg/kg之间,平均为2.41 mg/kg,其中以闪长岩类发育的土壤全钼含量最高,而砂岩类发育的土壤全钼含量最低。供试土壤有效钼平均含量仅为0.17 mg/kg,土壤普遍缺乏有效钼。土壤有效钼含量与0.02～0.002 mm颗粒含量及土壤钼全量呈显著正相关,土壤钼有效度与<0.002 mm颗粒含量呈极显著负相关,而与土壤pH值呈极显著正相关。茶叶中钼的含量在0.04～0.36 mg/kg之间,平均为0.10 mg/kg。茶叶中钼含量与土壤有效钼含量相关性不显著,与土壤有效硫含量呈显著负相关。建议通过改良茶园土壤酸性、避免过度施用含硫肥料和叶面喷施钼肥以改善铁观音茶园钼营养状况。

The contents and the availabilities of molybdenum（Mo） in the surface soils and the Mo contents of the corresponding tea leaves of 133 Tieguanyin tea plantations in 14 major Tieguanyin tea-producing areas in Anxi,Hua＇an and Yongchun Counties of Fujian Province were investigated.The objective of the research was to determine soil molybdenum（Mo） supply capacities of Tieguanyin tea plantations in Fujian Province.The results show that the contents of total Mo in soils are from 0.29 to 23.17 mg/kg with an average of 2.41 mg/kg,and the contents are the highest in soils derived from diorite while those derived from sandstone are the lowest.The average of soil available Mo contents is only 0.17 mg/kg,which indicates that Mo deficiency is widespread in the tea plantation soils.The soil available Mo contents are significantly and positively correlated with the contents of 0.02-0.002 mm particles and soil total Mo contents,and the availability degrees of Mo（the ratio of available Mo to total Mo） are significantly and negatively correlated with the contents of 0.002 mm particles and are positively correlated with soil pH values.The Mo contents of the tea leaves are from 0.04 to 0.36 mg/kg with an average of 0.10 mg/kg.There are not significant correlation between the Mo contents of the tea leaves and soil available Mo contents.The soil available S contents are negatively correlated with the Mo contents of tea leaves significantly.It is suggested that the Mo nutrition of the Tieguanyin tea plantations could be ameliorated through raising soil pH,reducing S fertilization and foliar application of Mo fertilizers.