王国维“境界说”的文化阐释

Explaining Wang Guowei's "Theory of Realm" in Culture

王国维的境界说是文学批评中一个重要术语,但对其解释却没有一个确定的概念。传统的解释都是从艺术层面,把境界等同于意境。其实,境界并不仅指向艺术,更指向宽广的文化层面。首先,境界要求表达真实的人生体验。其次,境界更是指一种悲壮苍凉的生命情怀。最后,境界亦指向创作主体的人格,只有纯真无伪、人格高尚者才能创作出有境界的作品。王国维的境界最终是一种生命空间、心灵空间的呈现。境界实际是对人的生命质量的考察与品鉴,是艺术境界与生命境界的统一,从这个意义上来说,它已超越了单纯的文艺领域,而达到了生命美学、哲学的层面。

Wang Guowei＇s theory of realm as a key term of literary critique has not a clear definition.Traditional explanation treated the realm as artistic conception in art fields.Actually,the realm refers to arts as well as wider cultural level.Firstly,realm is required to express the real feelings of life.Secondly,realm represents a kind of solemn and desolate solicitude for life.Finally,it also means the personality of creator,and only the one with naive and noble personality could create works of high realm.Wang＇s realm ultimately expressed a life space and spirit space.Realm remains the examination and inspection for man＇s quality of life,embodying the unity of artistic realm and life realm.In such a sense,it has surpassed a pure domain of arts and literature,reaching the state of life aesthetics and philosophy.