唐代石堡城、赤岭位置及唐蕃古道再考

A Re-Study on the Location of "Shi Bao Cheng"(石堡城) and "Chi Ling"(赤岭) and the Ancient Road Between Tang and Tubo in the Tang Dynasty

《新唐书.地理志》、《通鉴》胡注等,对于唐代石堡城、赤岭地理方位的记载是错误的。依此二书记载,学界曾误将唐石堡城的位置确定、标绘在今青海省日月山附近,而对于赤岭即今青海日月山,及其为唐蕃古道必经地之说更是先后相袭,以讹传讹。其实,唐蕃古道在陇右本有南北二道,石堡城、赤岭皆在唐洮州境内,分布在河州、洮州至河源通吐蕃的南道上,该道为唐蕃往来时常取的一大道,而且自唐至明清,一直对该道及其副线沿袭使用,未曾中断。《新唐书.地理志》所记应该是掺和了几条唐蕃道的内容,其史料价值弥足珍贵,对其出处和所记内容出现混乱或语焉不详的原因,需要进一步考证,所涉各地名方位亟待考定。

The records from Xin-Tang-Shu·Di-Li-Zhi and Tong-Jian paraphrased by Hu Sanxing about the location of 'Shi Bao Cheng' and 'Chi Ling' in the Tang Dynasty was wrong.According to the records above,some scholars made a wrong conclusion that the location of 'Shi Bao Cheng' in the Tang Dynasty is next to 'Ri Yue Shan'(日月山) in Qinghai province.Forthmore,they mistook 'Chi Ling',the 'Ri Yue Shan' in Qinghai province today,as the pass-by in the ancient road between Tang and Tubo.In fact,the 'Longyou'(陇右) part of the ancient road between Tang and Tubo had two branches,one in the north and the other in the south,while 'Shi Bao Cheng' and 'Chi Ling' in the area of 'taozhou'(洮州) in the Tang Dynasty distributed in the south branch road from 'hezhou'(河州) and 'taozhou' to 'heyuan'(河源) linked to Tubo.This branch road was the main linking routeway between Tang and Tubo from the Tang Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasty.The records about the ancient road between Tang and Tubo from Xin-Tang-Shu·Di-Li-Zhi is very expensive,however,also should be scan thoroughly.