未成年人寿险研究--以死亡给付保险为重点

Life Insurance of Minors: With Focus on Death Insurance

在未成年人及其利害关系人的保险保障体系中,未成年人寿险乃是重中之重,然却不易厘清。未成年人寿险可以区分为一般的以未成年人为被保险人的人身保险和未成年人死亡给付保险。前者仅须一般调整即可,而后者是一种特殊类型的保险,在法益衡量中道德风险控制的必要优位于保险保障给付的需求,尚须限制运用。未成年人死亡给付保险对内还应进一步划分为丧葬费用损失填补保险和死亡定额给付保险。未成年人死亡定额给付保险理应受到特别限制,该限制以"被保险人同意规则的限制"为核心,兼及对保险金额、被保险人年龄、投保人和保险人的限制。不过这种限制在社会公众服务领域中的团体意外伤害险和定型化的短期意外伤害险中例外地被排除适用。

Within the system of safeguard of insurance of minors and their interested persons, life insurance is the most important for minors, yet it lacks clear classification. Life insurance of minors can be divided into personal insurance with minors as the insured and death insurance. For the former, only a general readjustment will do and for the latter, the control of moral risk takes precedence over the need of safeguard of insurance when balancing legal interests. Death insurance of minors, intrinsically, should be further divided into indemnity insurance covering funeral expense and sum insurance against death. The sum insurance against death of minors needs to be specially restricted and the restriction shall be placed on the basis of the restriction of the rule of the consent of the insured, while taking into account restrictions on amount of insurance, the age of the insured, the policy holder and insurer. However, such restriction can not be applied in group accidental injury insurance and standardized short-term accidental injury insurance.