1128—1855年黄河下游河道变迁及其对中国东部海域的影响

CHANNEL SHIFTING OF LOWER YELLOW RIVER IN 1128-1855AD AND ITS INFLUENCE TO THE SEDIMENTATION IN BOHAI,YELLOW AND EAST CHINA SEAS

中国海洋地质工作者对于1128—1855年黄河下游河道变迁存在4种不同看法,各自以自己的理解去解释这一时期中国东部海域沉积演化和地貌变化。根据历史文献和其他论述,讨论这一时期黄河下游河道决口、泛滥和改道,并研究对海洋沉积和海岸地貌的影响。研究表明,1128—1494年黄河从来没有全流入渤海,没有交替入黄海和渤海,也不能说1288—1168年40%黄河水入渤海,只在个别年代泛滥的黄河水注入渤海。1194年的黄河河道变迁没有重要意义。1128—1855年黄河经历了3个阶段:1128—1494年、1494—1579年、1579—1855年。渤海西岸黄河三角洲在1128—1494年处于废弃状态,没有活动期的黄河三角洲。由于黄河入黄海使苏北兴庄河口至东台砂质海岸转变为泥质海岸,进入黄海的黄河泥沙从1494年起明显增加,黄河入海沉积物的分布范围扩大,分布的南界大幅度向南推移。

The crevassing,flooding and channel shifting of the lower reach of Yellow River in 1128—1855 are of great importance to marine sedimentation and coastal geomorphology in Bohai,Yellow and East China Seas.However,there are four views on the historical events among Chinese scholars.In fact,during the year of 1128—1494,the Yellow River water never entered the Bohai Sea totally,never entered the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea alternatively,never entered the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea simultaneously.There was only flood water entered the Bohai Sea in a few years during the period.1128 is of great importance rather than 1194 for sedimentation in eastern China Seas.The history of the lower Yellow River channel in 1128—1855 can be divided into three stages：（1） The Yellow River entered the Yellow Sea through the original Huaihe River channel and only part of Yellow River water entered the Bohai Sea occasionally in 1128—1494.Therefore,little sediments were brought into the Bohai Sea.（2） From 1494 up to 1579,The Yellow River water was totally poured into the Yellow Sea through several channels.The sediments into the Yellow Sea increased.（3） In 1579—1855,the Yellow River was restricted into a single stable lower channel by man-made dykes.The sediments into Yellow Sea further increased.The Yellow River Delta superlobes on the northern Shandong Peninsula had been abandoned during the period of 1128—1494.From 1494 up to 1855,the sediments coming from the Yellow River had further moved south and deposited in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea.