薄膜覆盖对葡萄生长和生理特性的影响

Effect of plastic films on growth and leaf physiological characteristics of grapevine

为了研究不同覆盖层次薄膜对葡萄生长、光合和相关酶活性的影响,为我国南方葡萄的早熟栽培提供参考。以夏黑和醉金香1 a生苗为试材,通过田间试验研究无膜(对照)、1层膜(处理I)、2层膜(处理II)和3层膜(处理III)覆盖对其生长和生理特性的影响。试验表明,2个品种株高、根茎粗度和平均单叶面积均受薄膜覆盖影响,除处理I与对照无显著差异外,处理II和处理III分别达显著和极显著水平;随着薄膜覆盖量增加,净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和水分利用率(WUE)均降低,叶绿素a(Chl a)和叶绿素b(Chl b)升高,叶绿素a/b值(Chl a/b)降低,丙二醛(MDA)含量升高;另外,薄膜覆盖对还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响为处理I>处理II>对照>处理III;夏黑的耐弱光性高于醉金香。结果表明,夏黑和醉金香1层膜下能生长发育,2层膜受到一定影响,3层膜则不利于其生长。

The effects of plastic filming under different covering layers on the growth, photosynthesis and related enzvmes of granevine were studied to Drovide guidance for earlv maturing cultivation in the Southern China. The experiments investigated the influences of no plastic cover （control）, single plastic film （treatment Ⅰ）, double plastic films （treatment Ⅱ）, and triple plastic films （treatment Ⅲ） on the growth and physiological characteristics of Summer Black and Zuijinxiang. The significant differences in average stem height, rhizome diameter and leaf size were observed between the treatment Ⅱ/Ⅲ and the control,and the treatment III had the strongest effect, while the differences between treatment I and the control were not obvious. The increase in the layers of plastic film resulted in the decrease of net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentrations and water use efficiency.The level of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b increased in respond to the additional layers, with a decline of the ratio of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. The concentration of MDA also increased. In addition, plastic filming influenced the concentration of reduced glutathione as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase of grapevine leaves. The intensity of these impacts was higher in treatment Ⅰ,followed by treatment Ⅱ, the control group and treatment Ⅲ in decreasing order. Summer Black also showed higher tolerance to weak light compared to Zuijinxiang. In conclusion, normal growth and development of Summer Black and Zuijinxiang could be achieved under single layer plastic filming, while twolayer plastic filming may result in certain degree of the impact. Plastic filming with three layers can severely influence the growth of the two cultivars.