6-BA和GA_(4+7)喷施处理及其他措施促进长富2号苹果幼苗分枝的效果

Effects of 6-BA and GA_(4+7) as well as other manual measures on branches formation of apple nursery stock

以八楞海棠＋M26＋长富2号苹果苗为试材研究了6-BA单独喷施、6-BA和GA_4＋7等量混合物喷施、摘心、摘叶和刻芽等处理促进苹果幼苗分枝的效果。结果表明，6-BA及6-BA和GA_4＋7等量混合物喷施处理能够有效地促进苹果幼苗产生分枝；相同施用浓度下，6-BA和GA_4＋7等量混合物喷施处理的效果要优于单独使用6-BA，其适宜的质量浓度为1500mg·L^-1。摘叶和刻芽不能促进幼苗分枝产生；摘心可促使幼苗产生少量的长枝，但存在分枝数量少、新生主枝细弱和分枝角度较小等问题。摘叶结合6-BA或6-BA和GA_4＋7等量混合物的施用在低质量浓度（500mg·L^-1）下可以显著提高促分枝效果，高质量浓度（1000～2000mg·L^-1）时提高作用表现的不显著。综合实验结果，建议生产中采用1500mg·L^-16-BA和GA_4＋7等量混合物喷施的方式培育带分枝苹果苗木。

The apple （Malus domestica Borth.） cultivar Fuji Nagafu No.2 was used to study the effects of 6-BA, equal mixture of 6-BA and GA4＋7, leaf removing, pinching and bud notching on improving branching of nursery stock with M26 as interstock and M. robusta Rehd. as rootstock. The results showed that spraying treatments of 6-BA and the equal mixture of 6-BA and GA_4＋7 were effective for improving seedlings branching situation. When applying same concentration the mixture treatment＇ s effect was better than 6-BA alone and the most appropriate concentration was 1 500 mg· L^-1. Leaf removing and bud notching could not make nursery stock produce any lateral branches;though pinching treatment could produce a small number of long shoots, it could not meet requirement because of its narrow branching angle and thin new-built leader. The treatment combining leaf removing with 6-BA or the mixture spraying gained better effect than 6-BA or the mixture spraying alone when applying lower spraying concentration （500 mg· L^-1） ; but this improvement could not obtained when applying higher spraying concentration （1 000 to 2 000 mg·L^-1）. According to the experiment results, the spraying treatment with equal mixture of 6-BA and GA_4＋7 at concentration of 1 500 mg·L^-1 is proposed to gain apple nursery with well branching situation.