法不只是统治阶级意志的体现——兼论马克思主义法哲学的一个基本观点

The Law is not Only the Expression of the Will of the Ruling Class——A Basic Viewpoint of Marxist Philosophy of Law

将法律与统治阶级的意志等同起来是错误的。马克思主义认为,法不只是统治阶级意志的体现,法的本质是社会生产力创造的人们特定的交往关系的体现。资产阶级法权依附于它的经济关系,因而资本主义法律并不只是保障资产阶级的特权,而是保障所有市民社会成员的权利,最终保障资本能够持续获取利润———这决定了资本主义法律的先进性、局限性和历史性:相对于从前的人治和权治,资本主义法律实现了市民生活的"普遍人权";然而,这种人权维护的是利己主义的原子式个人的市民交往关系,随着这种交往关系的终结,法律也将走向消亡。

It is wrong to equate the law and the will of the ruling class. Marxism indicates that the law is not only the expression of the will of the ruling class and the nature of the law is the expression of specific communicative relationship created by social productivity. Since the rights of bourgeois rely on its economic relationship, the law of capitalism is not only to protect the rights of bourgeois, but also the rights of all the members of the society and guarantee the sustainable profits given by capital. The features of the law in capitalistic countries determine its progressiveness, limitation and historicity. Compared with ＂the ruling by man＂ and ＂the ruling by power＂, the law of capitalist countries realizes ＂the general human rights of citizens＂. Anyhow, the kind of human rights are featured with egoism and individualism. So, the law will disappear when the communicative relationship ends.