生态恢复措施对土壤微生物数量特征的影响——以阜新海州露天矿排土场为例

Effects of Ecological Restoration Measures on Quantity Characteristics of Soil Microorganisms——Study on Haizhou Opencast Coal Mine of Fuxin

通过对海州露天矿排土场人工林地、工程复垦地、天然草地3种修复地和荒裸地的土壤微生物数量特征进行研究,分析了土壤微生物的数量分布、垂直分布、季节间变化及其与土壤养分的相关性。结果显示,在细菌、放线菌和真菌数量上修复地显著高于荒裸地(P<0.05),修复地表现为人工林地>天然草地>工程复垦地3,种林地间为榆树和刺槐强于紫穗槐;在微生物数量在垂直分布方面,表现为根际土壤>0～10 cm土层>10～20 cm土层;在季节变化上,微生物数量的高值出现在夏季(7月)、秋季(9月),而低值则出现在春季(5月)和冬季(11月)。细菌、放线菌和真菌的数量与土壤全N、全P、全K呈显著或极显著的正相关关系,而与pH值则呈现负相关关系。荒裸地在各季节中的微生物数量均显著低于修复地(P<0.05),表明生态恢复措施有助于提高土壤微生物的数量,其中人工林地为海州露天矿排土场最佳的恢复措施。

It was investigated about soil microbial quantitative characteristics in Haizhou opencast coalmine dump.Planted forests land,engineering reclamation land and natural grassland were selected as restoration land,while bare land was used as control.The vertical distribution,the seasonal changes of soil microbial quantity and their correlation with soil nutrition were studied.The results showed that the restoration land was significantly higher than bare land on the quantity of bacteria,actinomyces and fungi（P0.05）.Among the restoration lands,the microbial colony counts ordered as planted forests land natural grassland engineering reclamation land;among three forest lands,the colony counts in Ulmus pumila and Robinia pseudoacacia were higher than Amorpha fruticosa.For the vertical distribution,the amounts of microorganism arranged as rhizosphere soil 0-10 cm soil layer 15-25cm soil layer;for different seasons,the high amounts of microorganism were in the summer（July） or the autumn（September）,and the low values appeared in the spring（May） or winter（November）.There were significantly positive correlation between the microbial quantities and soil total N,total P and total K,while microbial quantities were negatively correlated with pH values.The microbial colony counts were significantly lower in the bare land than the restoration lands across all seasons（P0.05）.It indicated that ecological restoration measures contributed to improving soil microbial quantities,and the artificial forest was the optimal restoration measurement for Haizhou opencast coalmine dump.