沿淮低洼地玉米施肥效应与土壤供肥能力研究

Study on Fertilization Effects on Maize and Soil Nutrient Supply Capacity in Lowland along Huaihe River

基于"3414"试验设计,研究了沿淮低洼地玉米施肥效应和土壤供肥能力。结果表明,玉米施用氮、磷、钾肥的增产率分别为78.0%、3.7%和16.7%,施用每kg氮、磷、钾肥增产量分别为11.9、2.9、5.3 kg。氮、磷、钾肥对玉米产量的影响表现为N>K>P。玉米全株分析表明,其籽粒和茎叶氮、磷、钾养分含量分别为12.692、.56、2.84 g kg-1和5.982、.40、18.46 g kg-1,玉米100 kg经济产量所需氮、磷、钾养分量分别为1.77、0.46、2.02 kg。通过数学模拟获得玉米肥料效应方程,并计算出氮(N)、磷(P2O5)、钾(K2O)肥最佳经济施肥量分别为299.1、99.0、175.3 kg hm-2。在本次试验条件下,氮、磷、钾肥利用率平均分别为29.5%、14.8%、35.0%。试验结果还表明,本次玉米试验期间,土壤氮素供应能力较低,磷素供应能力较高,钾素供应能力中等。当季土壤氮、磷、钾养分供应量分别为55.51、1.1、65.4 kg hm-2,土壤氮、磷、钾养分校正系数分别为30.9%1、10%和44.8%。

Based on ＂3414＂ incomplete orthogonal experimental design,the fertilization effects on maize and soil nutrients supply capacity in lowland along Huaihe river were investigated.The results showed that the maize yield increment rates by the application of N,P and K fertilizer were separately 78.0%,3.7% and 16.7%,and the maize yield increment per kilogram of N,P and K were separately 11.9,2.9 and 5.3 kg.Fertilization effect on maize yield showed the trend of NKP.The analytical results of total plant indicated that N,P and K contents of maize grain were 12.69,2.56,2.84 g kg^-1,respectively;and the N,P and K contents of straw were 5.98,2.40 and 18.46 g kg^-1,respectively.N,P and K amounts required per 100 kilogram economic outputs of maize were 1.77,0.46 and 2.02 kg,respectively.The equation of fertilization effects on maize was obtained by mathematic simulation,and the optimum economic amounts of N（N）,P（P2O5） and K（K2O） were 299.1,99.0 and 175.3 kg hm^-2,respectively.Fertilizer usage efficiency of N,P and K fertilizer were separately 29.5%,33.8% and 35.0% under this experimental condition.The experimental results also indicated that soil N supply capacity was low,and soil P supply capacity was high and soil K supply capacity was at a medium level.The current supply capacity of soil N,P and K were 55.5,11.1 and 65.4 kg hm^-2,respectively.Soil nutrient correction coefficients of N,P and K were 30.9%,110% and 44.8%,respectively.