麸酸型有机复混肥对水稻产量、品质及养分利用率的影响

Effect of Organic Compound Fertilizer of Monosodium Glutamate on Yield,Quality and Nutrient Use Efficiency of Rice

探索出麸酸型有机复混肥与无机肥最适宜比例,为水稻上施用麸酸型有机复混肥提供科学依据。在等量N、P2O5、K2O养分条件下,研究施用麸酸型有机复混肥与化肥不同比例配施对水稻产量、品质及养分利用率的影响。结果表明:50%麸酸有机复混肥+50%化肥水稻经济产量与生物量最高,分别较单施化肥增产3.6%与6.5%。配施麸酸有机复混肥的总氨基酸含量较单施化肥提高4.6%～19.2%,其中必需氨基酸含量提高4.5%～21.5%,同时提高了淀粉、粗蛋白含量,且氨基酸、淀粉含量均随着麸酸有机复混肥施肥比重的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势。另外,配施有机复混肥均提高了水稻氮、钾总吸收量,氮、钾养分利用率较单施化肥分别提高了7.1～9.9与6.1～22.7个百分点,说明麸酸型有机复混肥与化肥配施能获得比单施化肥处理更高或相当的稻谷产量并有效地提高水稻的品质和养分利用率。

Field experiments were carried out to study the optimum ratio of organic and inorganic fertilizers and to provide the scientific basis for organic fertilizer of monosodium glutamate for rice.The effect of organic fertilizer of monosodium glutamate on the yield and quality of rice and nitrogen utilization efficiency of rice was studied under the same nutrient rate condition.The results showed that 50% organic compound fertilizer ＋50% chemical fertilizer had the highest grain yield and biomass in late season rice,which was 3.6% and 6.5% higher than that of chemical fertilizer treatment,respectively.Organic compound fertilizer could improve the quality of rice,and increase the content of total amino acid and essential amino acids by 4.6%-19.2% and 4.5%-21.5%,respectively,compared with that of chemical fertilizer treatment.The content of starch and crude protein in organic compound fertilizer was also higher than the other,and was increased at the beginning and then decreased with the increase of monosodium glutamate fertilizer proportion.Moreover,monosodium glutamate fertilizer promoted the accumulation of N and K in late season rice,and the N and K utilization efficiency was increased by 7.1-9.9 and 6.1-22.7 percentage points.Application of organic fertilizer of monosodium glutamate and mineral-fertilizer had a better or the same effects on the yields of rice grains,nutrient use efficiency and quality could be significantly increased compared with the single application of mineral fertilizer.