基于RUSLE和GIS的绥化市土壤侵蚀评估

Evaluation of Soil Erosion in Suihua City Based on RUSLE and GIS

基于修正的通用土壤流失方程RUSLE和GIS技术,结合绥化市的自然地理环境特征,分别计算了影响土壤侵蚀的各种因子,获取了绥化市2004年土壤侵蚀现状图,并对各区县以及不同土地利用类型的土壤侵蚀状况进行了统计,结果表明:绥化市土壤侵蚀以轻度为主,共有16083.9 km2,占46.34%,中度侵蚀面积共有1583.52 km2,占4.56%;轻度侵蚀集中连片分布,而中度以上侵蚀主要分布在河流沿岸的河流阶地与河漫滩过渡地带;兰西和青冈两个地区是土壤侵蚀面积最大的地区,而望奎、北林和海伦三个地区是中度以上土壤侵蚀的面积最大的;土地利用类型中以旱田土壤侵蚀最严重,面积也最大,未利用地主要表现为中度以上土壤侵蚀,林地和草地以轻度侵蚀为主。

In combination with the natural geographic environment of Suihua city,the modifiedRUSLE and GIS technology were used to calculate each factor affecting soil erosion.The soil erosion map of status quo in 2004 was acquired,and statistical analysis was carried out on the status of soil erosion in different counties and land-use types.The results showed that the slight erosion dominated Suihua city and acute soil erosion was very little.The area of slight erosion was 16083.9 km^2,accounting for 46.34%,and the area of moderate erosion was 1583.52 km^2,accounting for 4.56%.The slight erosion was distributed densely in large scales,while the moderate or severe erosion was along the river mainly at the transition zone of river terraces and alluvial flat.The largest area of total erosion was in Lanxi county and Qinggang county,while the largest area of moderate or severe erosion was in Wangkui county,Beilin district and Hailun county.In dry fields,the soil erosion occupied the largest area and was most severe,and the unused land mainly showed moderate or more severe soil erosion,and the forest land and grass land were associated with slight erosion.