扩招背景下高等教育层次结构变化对大学生就业的影响

Influence of the Changes of the Hierarchical Structure of Higher Education on Graduate Employment under the Background of Enrollment Expansion of Colleges and Universities

高等教育包括专科教育、本科教育、研究生教育3个层次,通过高等教育层次结构的变化考察大学生实际就业情况,发现扩招后3个层次的结构发生了一定变化。现有的高等教育层次结构显现出一定的问题:高等教育比例失衡,各层次教育定位不清,层次结构间衔接性差,从而也对就业造成了一定的消极影响:误导了大学生的就业预期,并会减少了大学生的就业机会。通过教育反思,发现精英教育情结,对专科层次教育认识不清;盲目攀比心理,贪大求全从而导致了层次结构失衡。为此,准确定位,保持各层次高等教育的办学特色;调整各层次比例,增加高职人才的招生数量和比例;加强各层次间的课程衔接,做到层层相衔接且不重复,从而调整层次结构,真正有效缓解高校毕业生就业难问题。

Higher education consists of junior college education, undergraduate education and postgraduate education. A survey of the college students＇ employment after the enrollment expansion shows that the structure of higher education has changed. The present structure of higher education points to some problems including its negative influence on students＇ employment produced by imbalaneed development of higher education and unclear orientation of and inadequate transition among the three levels of higher education and decrease of students＇ job opportunities caused by the information misleading their job expectations. Reflections expose that the imbalanced structure of the present higher education has been caused by the ＂elite education complexity＂, an improper understanding of junior college education and the ＂bigness and comprehensiveness complexity＂ spelled by blind unrealistic comparison with each other. Therefore, we should keep the distinctive features of each level of higher education through rational orientation, adjust their respective proportion and increase the enrollment of vocational students, and improve the transition among the three levels. Only in this way can the problem of college graduates＇ employment be solved.