基于纳米材料电化学生物传感器的研究进展

Development of Electrochemical Biosensors Based on Nanomaterials

近年来,纳米材料在电化学生物传感器领域的研究已成为前沿性的内容。纳米材料具备优异的物理、化学、电催化等性能,加之其量子尺寸效应和表面效应,可将传感器的性能提高到一个新的水平。基于纳米材料的电化学生物传感器呈现出体积更小、速度更快、检测灵敏度更高和可靠性更好等优异性能。该文按照纳米结构的分类,综述了近几年基于以下纳米材料在电化学生物传感器领域的最新发展和应用:零维纳米材料——纳米微粒;一维纳米材料——纳米管、纳米线和纳米棒;二维纳米材料——纳米超薄膜。引用参考文献78篇。

In recent years, it is of great theoretical and practical value to make a research on electrochemical biosensors. People are paying more and more attention to the preparation of biosensors based on nanomaterials, and the nano-technology has provided infinite imagination space for the development of electrochemical biosensors. Nanomaterials not only have the excellent physical, chemical and electrocatalytic properties, but also show the quantum size effect and surface effect, which can improve the electrochemical biosensors obviously to a new and high level. Therefore, the electro chemical biosensors based on nanomateirals show many excellent performances, such as smaller volume, faster speed, higher sensitivity and better stability, etc. According to their structures, the nanomaterials can be divided into three categories, e.g. zero-dimentional, one-dimensional and two-dimensional nanomaterials. In this article, the development and application of electrochemical biosensors based on following nanomaterials, zero-dimensional nanoparticles （such as metal nanoparticles, quantum dots, magnetic nanoparticles, etc. ）, one-dimensional nanomaterials （nanotubes, nanowires and nanorodes） and two-dimensional nanostructured thin films （like graphene） were reviewed. 78 related references were cited in this review.