法学视角下我国土地分类之完善

Perfection of Land Classification in China a Legal Perspective

法律上,我国的土地分类主要按土地的用途和利益性质两个标准进行。按照用途,土地被分为农用地、建设用地和未利用土地。依土地利益的性质,土地被分为公益性用地和经营性用地。2002年的《土地分类》(试行)中的土地分类以服务于农业生产为主要特征,以生态功能为主的生态用地被作为"其他农用地"对待。2008年的《土地利用现状分类》国家标准设12个一级土地利用类型,也未将生态用地作为独立的地类。为此,法律应明确公益性用地的层次,将生态用地作为独立的地类,且为层次较高的公益性用地。

In Chinese law, land is classified mainly according to land use and nature of land interest. Land is classified into agricultural land, construction land and non-used and according to its use and is classified as public welfare land and profitable and according to the nature of its interest. The land classification in Land Classification （for Trial Implementation） 2002 mainly features as providing guarantee to agricultural production, with the result that the ecological land whose main function is ecological one is seen as other agricultural land. The Current Land Use Classification National Standard 2008 devises 12 types of primary level land use, but eliminates ecological land as independent type of primary level land use. Therefore, Chinese land law should make ecological land as independent type of primary level land use and see ecological land as higher level of public welfare land in the background that the level of public welfare should be defined.