绵阳市地震灾后农村饮水安全工程水质卫生现状分析

Analysis on the Current State of Rural Drinking Water Safety Project in Mianyang after Earthquake

目的了解绵阳市地震灾后农村安全饮水工程水质卫生状况,为改善农村饮用水卫生安全工作提供依据。方法 2009-2010年枯水期和丰水期,分别对绵阳市9个县市区136个已建成的集中式农村饮水安全工程点的出厂水和末梢水卫生质量进行监测检验分析。结果两年监测检验水样1 088件,总合格率40.81%。2009年为38.78%;2010年为42.83%(χ2=1.84,P>0.05)。枯水期与丰水期合格率分别为48.71%和32.90%(χ2=28.14,P<0.05);调查136座农村饮水安全工程水处理方式,饮用水完全处理的占总数的29.41%,合格率49.06%;仅消毒处理的占50%,合格率41.54%;仅沉淀过滤处理的占13.97%,合格率32.24%;未经任何处理直接供水的占6.62%,合格率16.67%(χ2=291.04,P<0.001)。在不合格项目中,以总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群、菌落总数超标为主。结论绵阳市农村集中式供水水质合格率较低,微生物污染是主要原因。工程水处理设施不完善,消毒处理不到位现象普遍,应加强对农村饮用水卫生监督管理和定期水质消毒。

Objectives To understand the current state of rural drinking water safety projects in Mianyang after earthquake and provide scientific evidence for improving the safety of rural drinking water. Methods The finished water of central water supplies and tap water from 136 rural drinking water safety projects built in 9 districts of Mianyang were monitored during the d：ry season and wet period in 2009 - 2010. Results A total of 1 088 water samples were collected with a qualified rate of 40.81% （38.78% in 2009 and 42. 83% in 2010, X2 = 1.84, P 〉 0.05 ; 48.71% in dry season and 32.90% in wet period, X2 =28.14, P 〈0.05）. The methods of water treatment in 136 rural drinking water projects were investigated. The number of treated water accounted for 29.41% of total samples and the qualified rate was 49.06% ; the number of disinfected water accounted for 50.00% and the qualified rate was 41.54%. The water treated only by precipitation and filtration accounted for 13.97% and the qualified rate was 32.24%. The untreated water accounted for 6.62% and the qualified rate was 16.67% （X2 = 291.04, P 〈 0. 001 ）. The unqualified items were mainly total coliform group, thermotolerant coliform bacteria and the total numbers of colony. Conclusions The qualified rate of central water supplies from the rural drinking water safety projects in Mianyang was low; microorganism contamination was the main cause of disqualification. Water treatment facilities were imperfect and the disinfection treatments were not sufficient. Effective measures for hygienic supervision, administration and regular water disinfection should be taken.