太平洋战争爆发前美国对日本的经济制裁——从拒绝实施“中立法”到废铁禁运

America' Economic Sanctions against Japan before the Pacific War——From the Refusal of Neutrality Law to Embargo of Scrap Iron

卢沟桥事变以后,出于鼓励中国的考虑,美国没有对中日双方实施"中立法",但客观上却助长了日本的侵略。1938年6月,由于日本不断扩大侵华战争,美国宣布对之实行"道义禁运",迈出了对日本实施经济压力的第一步,但"道义禁运"没有法律效力,也缺乏强制色彩。由于日本向西南太平洋的扩张,美国于1939年7月宣布废除美日商约,1940年7月又对日本实施废铁禁运。但无论是"废约"还是废铁禁运,都是美国政府采取的相对温和的步骤。在此之前,美国政府内部就有关问题进行了激烈的讨论。

With the consideration of encouraging China, the United States of America does not implement Neutrality Law after Lugouqiao Incident, which boosts Japan＇s aggression objectively. With the expansion of Japan＇s aggression of China, America declares morality embargo against Japan in June, 1938, which is the first step to impose economic pressure on Japan, however, it implies no law effectiveness and mandatory. Because of Japan＇ s expansion in southwestern pacific, America declares to abolish the business contracts with Japan in July, 1939, and implements embargo of scrap iron against Japan in July, 1940. However, these are just American government＇ s relative gentle steps, since before that, there are hot debate about them in American government.