云南大理机场鸟类调查及鸟撞防治对策

Bird Survey and Bird Strike Control at Dali Airport,Yunnan Province

为获得云南大理机场鸟撞预防所需的基础性生态资料,将大理机场净空范围内的地面投影区域分为果园苗圃、工厂、村落、林地、水域、农地、荒山7种类型生境,2010年春、夏、秋、冬季分4次对这7种生境的鸟类种类和数量进行调查,同时收集栖息地植被与昆虫群落特征。根据鸟类体型、飞行高度、群体数量以及遇见频次等信息综合分析各种鸟类对航空飞行的威胁程度。结果表明:大理机场及其周边共有鸟类81种,隶属于12目31科,其中有严重威胁鸟类6种、有威胁的14种和无威胁的61种;从地形、生境、季节、食源等方面对威胁鸟种进行分析,并依此提出大理机场鸟撞防治对策。

The projected ground surface area around the Dali airport was classified into 7 types of bird habitat, i. e. , orchards or nurseries, mills or factories, villages, forests, water bodies, cropland and barren hills to obtain the basic ecological information for bird strike control in this area. Four surveys on bird species and corresponding numbers in the 7 types of habitats were conducted in the four seasons of 2010, and the characteristics of the habitat vegetation and those of the insect communities were also investigated at the same time. The threat extent of different bird species to the aviation safety was comprehensively analyzed according to the data of bird size, flight height, size of population and occurrence frequency. The survey showed that there were totally 81 bird species belonging to 31 families of 12 orders recorded in the peripheral area of Dali airport, among which 6 species were listed as high- threat species, 14 as threat species and 61 species were listed as less threat species in the light of their body size, flight activity and other behavior characters. The bird strike control strategy was proposed to secure the flight safety for the airport based on analyses of the topography, habitat, season change, food source and other factors.