对历史评价问题的反思

Reflections on the Nature of Historical Evaluation

热衷于历史评价是中国史学自古以来的传统,也是今天史学研究中的普遍现象。从19世纪以来历史学科学化的倾向和历史科学构成要素的分析中可以透视出这种史学传统既容易歪曲事实,又无所谓科学的方法,更没有追求文化原理和规律的崇高目标,只是一种服务于道德和政治的实用手段,与科学的规范和精神相去甚远。从学科性质来讲历史评价并非科学问题,只有对历史评价问题的研究才能算上科学。作为历史学中一种客观的存在只有将其划归人文的历史学,从而可使科学的历史学名副其实。

Historical evaluation is the old tradition of Chinese historical study,and it is very popular in modern historical research.While the tendency of being scientific in historical science in the 19th century and the analysis of the essential factors of historical science show that historical evaluation is apt to distort facts,it lacks scientific methods,it fails in persuing the lofty aims of cultrural principles and laws,and it is only a practical medium which serves for moraity and politics of a certain society;thus it is not up to the standard and spirit of real sciecne.While historical evaluation has its non-scientific nature,and only the study of historical evaluations can be termed as a kind of science.As an objective existance of historical study,only when the historical evaluation is classified into humane history,the scientificity of the historcal science can be guaranteed.