多维视角下赃物适用善意取得制度的再思考

Reconsideration on Application of Spoils in System of Obtaining with Goodwill from Multidimensional Visual Angle

我国重刑轻民,公法优位的观念导致追赃活动中司法自治功能缺失。赃物有限制地适用善意取得制度是世界多数国家的做法,并不违背价值冲突规则,是物权公示公信原则的客观要求,能实现较好的社会效果和交易成本的可控与节约。其中,善意标准应从价格和交易环境两个方面客观考量,善意证明责任应公平分配,并应设立特定物有偿赎回和特殊物品不得回复的限制性规定,以便真正衡平原所有权人与善意第三人的利益冲突。宜设立善意第三人的补偿制度和国家对被害人的救助机制。在立法完善之前,可以通过法律解释方法和漏洞补充方式进行法律适用。

Chinese laws prefer criminal cases to civil ones.The concept of ＂public laws first＂ cause the lack of judicial autonomy in seizing spoils.The spoils can be applied to the system of obtaining with goodwill.This method is adopted by many countries and it does not violate value conflict principle.It is the objective request of principle of property publicity and can realize the control and stint on social effect and trading costs.Among them,the standard of goodwill should be considered from two sides： price and trading surrounding.The proving responsibility of goodwill should be distributed fairly.Some certain goods should be atoned with cost while some special goods should not be returned.The regulation can balance the conflict between property right owner and the third party.The compensation system of third party with goodwill and state relief mechanism of victims should be established.Before legislation of the idea,these cases can be applied with legal explanations and bug makeup.