笔墨情趣——明代文人画的再审视

Skill and Spice of Brush and Ink——Re-Survey of Literati Painting of Ming Dynasty

一般观念认为,从明至清是中国美术史的衰落阶段,其实不然。虽然明清是封建社会走向消亡时期,而这时候,在封建社会内部产生的资本主义萌芽和人文主义思潮,为艺术的发展注入了新鲜血液。在中国历史上,文人士大夫一直起着重要的作用,尤其在文化建设领域。在身受各种环境条件的制约之下,他们不能施展自己的抱负,总是幻想突破成法,另立新法,以发挥他们的才能。在明代特定的历史条件下,文人画家真正把笔法与墨法自觉地、紧密地结合起来,将笔墨发展为独立审美要素,与形象一起构成情趣画面,给欣赏者带来无限遐思与享受。明代文人画笔墨积淀了中国几千年来的文化与哲学,以笔墨之道体现人文关怀,是明代文人画家在绘画领域开辟的一个新天地,是对文人情愫的深层次展现。

It is usually thought that Ming and Qing Dynasties are the declining phase in Chinese art history.In fact,it＇s not the truth.Although Ming and Qing Dynasties are in the period of feudal society decomposing,the sprout of capitalism and humanism generated during this period,adding fresh blood to the development of arts.In Chinese history,the literati have been playing an important role,especially in the field of cultural construction.Constrained by a variety of environmental conditions,they,who could not realize their ideal,always imagined that they could build new rules in other ways to show their talents.At that special time,literati painters really combined the stroke and ink consciously and closely,developing the combination of stroke and ink into an independent aesthetic element.Stroke and ink,together with image,constituted spiced pictures,bringing endless reveries and enjoyment to the appreciators.Ming literati ink painting contained Chinese culture and philosophy of thousands of years,reflecting humanistic care.It created a new world in the field of painting and deeply showed the inward world of the literati.