十三行与瓷器加工制造业的发展

Canton Hong and development of porcelain processing and manufacturing industry

清代瓷器输出较之前代,范围更广、规模更大。十三行设立前,广州瓷器加工制造业已经初具规模;十三行设立后,行商从景德镇、佛山石湾等地购来各色瓷器,在广州本地仿西洋画法加以彩绘,销售至欧洲各国,十三行瓷器加工制造业获得充分发展。"广窑"的广泛存在是瓷器加工制造业得以形成和发展的基础,广州的瓷器匠师和瓷器加工场是加工制造业形成规模的条件,广彩瓷的产生是迎合欧洲市场需求的结果,纹章瓷装饰工序产地转移是十三行瓷器加工制造业中心地位确立的表现,欧洲的时尚需求是瓷器加工出口的市场。大批量、标准化、生产线式的瓷器加工制造业,凸显了十三行在中西贸易中的重要地位和作用。

As compared with the past, the export porcelain in Qing dynasty was wider in scope and larger in scale. Porcelain processing and manufacturing industry in Guangzhou had already taken shape before the establishment of Canton Hong. After its establishment, the Hong Merchants purchased all kinds of porcelains from Jingezhen and Shiwan, modeled them on western brushwork style, colored them in Guangzhou, and then sold them to European countries. Thus, porcelain processing and manufacturing industry in Canton Hong （PPMICH） was fully developed. The wide existence of ＂Guang kiln＂ laid the foundation for the development of PPMICH, and porcelain craftsmen and processing factories provided necessary conditions for the scale. Guang color porcelain came into being as the result of meeting the demand of European market. The transfer of ornament process area of Armorial porcelain showed the importance of the establishment of PPMICH＇ center. Porcelain processing and exportation found its market in the European requirement of fashion. The multitudinous, standardized and production -line features of porcelain processing and manufacturing industry distinguished the important position and function of Canton Hong between China and the western countries.