论民俗习惯之民商法法源地位

On the Status of Folk-custom as the Source of Civil and Commercial Law

从区分法律规范与法律渊源的角度,民俗习惯可以定位为一种民商法法源。因社会变迁以及地域差异而出现法律漏洞时,民俗习惯具有补充强制法以维护正常秩序之功能,这是其作为法源的主要法理依据。民俗习惯作为法源的效力依据,在法有明文规定的情况下来自于成文法规则,而当法无明文规定时则通过公序良俗等基本原则得以体现。作为法源的民俗习惯,其形成和有效适用需要具备特定的条件,同时在具体的法律适用中,还必须严格考量其与其他民商事法源的效力位阶。

From the perspective of source of civil and commercial law. distinguishing legal norm and legal source, folk-custom could be taken as a When legal loopholes arise from continuous social changes or regional difference, the folk-custom would function as complementary law to maintain the social order. That is the jurisprudential basis for considering folk-custom as legal source. The legal power of folk-custom derives from legal provisions when the law so provides, and derives from such legal principle as public order and good custom when no such legal provision exists. Only when the folk -custom satisfies certain conditions, could it be regarded as the source of law. At the same time, the position of folk -custom in the legal effect hierarchy should be examined vigorously in the course of legal application.