上市公司财务报表粉饰识别

A Study on Identifying Whitewashes of Listed Companies' Financial Statements

上市公司财务报表粉饰现象是一个世界性难题。有必要借助一定的技术手段,对上市公司的财务报表粉饰行为进行识别,以便更好地对上市公司进行监管。相比传统的财务分析方法,关联挖掘技术在识别上市公司财务报表粉饰行为方面具有更好的效果。文章以特定期间微利企业的财务报表为研究对象,从沪深两市选取50家微利公司作为样本,利用关联挖掘技术中的Apriori算法,对其财务报表中的八大指标进行逐层搜索和迭代,找出具有强相关性的财务指标并对其关联规则进行分析和测试,从而识别出标识报表粉饰行为的关联特征指标值。分析表明:与良性发展的企业相比,那些连续亏损的企业具有更强的报表粉饰动机和可能性,这些企业往往通过关联交易等线下项目途径达到微利的目的。文章最后提出了更为有效地利用关联挖掘技术对这种行为进行识别的建议。

Listed companies always try to whitewash their financial statements,which has become a world problem.It is necessary to apply some technologic methods in identifying these deviant behaviors so as to better supervise listed companies.Comparing with traditional test methods,association mining technique is more effective in identifying whitewashes of listed companies＇ financial statements.This paper takes the financial statements of low-profit listed companies in a given period as the research objects.Fifty samples are picked out from shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchange.Then,apriori algorithms of mining techniques are used in level-wisely searching and iterating for eight financial indicators,in order to find out those indicators with strong relevance and acquire their associating rules through analysis and test.Moreover,those relevant values indicating whitewashes are eventually figured out.Studies have shown that： comparing with the healthy developing enterprises,those loss-making have a stronger motivation and the possibility to whitewash their financial reports.They often take advantage of below-the-line items such as connected transactions to attain the low-profit purpose.Some advice about how to more effectively identify whitewash behaviors with mining techniques is given in the end.