囚徒困境的均衡辨析

A Study to Prisoners' Dilemma

传统的《博弈论》分析最终结果是两个囚徒均会坦白,但这并不是两个囚徒的最好结局,如何才能达到最好结局?本文从《博弈论》中"理性人"的假设出发,对传统的(坦白,坦白)均衡提出质疑。本文指出理性人不会满足于传统的均衡,理性人会积极寻找双方利益最大化的均衡,并达到此均衡。本文给出了新的均衡:广义均衡,并给出广义均衡的求解过程。通过对引入公共支付函数的概念,公共支付函数表达了两个人的共同利益。通过公共支付函数的最大化,使两个囚徒公共利益最大化,以求得囚徒困境的新的均衡,让两个囚徒的结果达到最好——即两人均抵赖。本文还将公共支付函数运用于其他《博弈论》案例,并指出广义均衡比纳什均衡更具有社会意义,因为前者体现了公共利益。文中还对囚徒困境的机制设计问题做了分析,指出囚徒困境中机制的设计会诱导囚徒作出不正确的选择,从而没有达到双方利益的最大化。

The final result of ＂game theory＂ is that the prisoners would confess,but this is not the best outcome of the two prisoners.How can we achieve the best outcome？ This paper questioned the ＂rational man＂ assumption of the ＂game theory＂ and the traditional equilibrium（frank,frank）.This paper pointed out the reason that people do not get the traditional equilibrium.Rational people will actively seek to maximize the interests of both,so that they would achieve a new equilibrium.In this paper,the new equilibrium was named as general equilibrium,and,here,the process how to get general equilibrium is also given.This paper introduced the concept of the public payoff function,which can tell the total interests of the two prisoners.By maximizing the function of public payoff,in another words,by maximizing the public interest,the two prisoners can get the best results.This funtion could be well applied to other case of ＂game theory＂.In the paper the punishing rules of the Prisoner＇s Dilemma were also analyzed.This paper pointed out that the punishing rules of Prisoner＇s Dilemma would induce a prisoner to make the wrong choice,which did not meet the best interests of both people.