欠发达地区旅游政策演变及趋势展望——以贵州省为例

A Study on the Evolution and Tendency of Tourism Policy in Underdeveloped Areas——A Case Study of Guizhou Province

旅游政策是欠发达地区加快旅游产业发展、调控旅游产业运行的主要手段。虽有不少学者分别从不同角度对旅游政策进行研究,但对于经济欠发达地区的旅游产业政策研究缺乏动态性、针对性和代表性。本文以欠发达、欠开发的贵州省为例,在制度变迁理论的指导下,以旅游地生命周期理论发展阶段为线索,从旅游政策发展演变与旅游地发展演变具有相互影响、相互作用的关系入手,对贵州旅游政策外事接待、经济优先、协调发展演变过程进行分析,在对各阶段政策效用评价的基础上,总结了旅游发展大会、"多彩贵州"形象推广、"两赛一会"模式、乡村旅游和四位一体等成功经验、分析主要存在旅游政策缺乏动态性、持续性、方向性、操作性和灵活性、缺乏监督考核评价机制和旅游业研发政策力度支持较弱等问题,探讨了贵州旅游政策目标、机制体制、市场、产品、空间布局政策体系以及不同生命周期阶段的旅游产业政策实施重点等演变方向与趋势。

The tourism policy has been on the agenda for accelerating the development of tourism in underdeveloped areas which have a special growth in tourism industry. Many scholars carried out researches which were lack of dynamic, relevant and representative on tourism policy from different angles. This paper takies Guizhou Province which is underdeveloped as an example and based on Institutional Change Theory, takes the development stage of ＂Life Cycle Theory of Tourism Area＂ as a clue, analyzes the evolution process and direction of the policy of tourism, and carries out the evaluation of effectiveness of the policy of tourism industry in each stage in order of the relationship of mutual influence and interaction of the development and evolution between the policy of tourism and tourism areas, summarizes the successful experiences such as ＂the Tourism Development Conference＂, ＂Colorful Guizhou＂ and the major problems of tourism policy which lack of dynamic, sustainable and directional, operability, flexibility, lack of supervision and assessment mechanism, tourism development policy efforts to support the weak, discusses the direction and evolving trends of Guizhou tourism policy system such as objectives, mechanisms, institutions, markets, products, spatial distribution at last.