《巨人传》与骑士文学

On the Relation between Gargantua and Pantagruel and the Literature of Chivalry

拉伯雷的《巨人传》是世界文学史上的一部瑰奇之作,长期以来人们对它的研究主要徘徊在它所体现的民间文学、文化的"狂欢化"特征上。文章尝试从另一新的角度对之加以审视,以期揭示这部作品除和民间诙谐文化结下了不解之缘外,还和骑士文学发生了密切关系:文艺复兴时期的《巨人传》在许多方面戏拟了此前中世纪的骑士文学。这种戏拟归纳起来可分为两个层面:一是微观方面,即作品细节;二是宏观方面,即情节结构。对于拉伯雷,戏拟主要是一种艺术手段,借以更自由便捷地、一无拘束地表达自己的观察、见解和思想,借他山之石以攻玉。

Rabelais＇ Gargantua and Pantagruel is a magnificent masterpiece in world literature.But for a long time,the study on it has been centered on carnivalization of folk culture.This paper attempts to reveal the relation between Gargantua and Pantagruel and the Literature of Chivalry.To be specific,the former parodies the latter from many aspects.In summary,the parody can be divided into two layers： one is microscopic layer,which is about the details of the work;the other is macroscopic layer,namely the plot.To Rabelais,parody was mainly means of literature,by which he could express his viewpoints and thinking freely.