石嘴山市矿山地质环境综合评价

Comprehensive evaluation of mining geo-environment in Shizuishan

基于对石嘴山市矿山地质环境实地调查资料和遥感解译结果的分析,选取地质环境条件、矿山开采状况、三废排放、资源损毁、地质灾害、对水环境的影响、环境治理率7要素21个指标构建矿山地质环境评价体系。为了保证各指标权重取值的科学性和合理性,首先,采用主客观相结合的组合赋权法确定权重值;其次,利用遥感手段和已有调查资料对各指标进行提取和分级量化,用综合评判法建立地质环境评价模型,评价单元为矿山采矿范围,应用GIS的叠加分析功能对各指标按权重进行叠加计算;最后,对叠加结果应用突变点法将矿山地质环境破坏程度分为极严重、严重、中等和较轻4个等级,取得了较好的评价效果,与实地调查结果相符。该研究成果可以推广到其他地区矿山,为矿山地质环境综合评价提供了一条新途径和思路,同时也为矿山地质环境的防治提供了可靠的科学依据。

Based on the mining geo-environment field survey data and results of remote sensing interpretation in Shizuishan, geological environment evaluation system is constructed, including geological environment, status of mining, wastes discharge, resource damage, geological hazards, impact on water environment and environmental treatment rate. Firstly, in order to ensure the scientificity and rationality of index weight, they are determined by using of combination weighting method, effectively combined subjective and objective factors. Secondly, evaluation index are extracted, classified and quantized by using remote sensing means and based on survey data. Thirdly, using comprehensive evaluation method as mining geo-environment evaluation model and mining scope as evaluation unit, evaluation index are superposition calculated according to the weight that have been determined, and application of GIS overlay analysis function. Lastly, the mining geo-environment is divided into extremely serious, serious, moderate and slighter levels based on the calculation results by using of catastrophe point method, and achieved a good evaluation results. It is consistent with the results of field survey. The research results can be extended to mines of other areas. It provides a new way and idea for comprehensive evaluation, and a reliable scientific basis for prevention and treatment of mining geo-environment.