煤炭产业链延伸风险中的灾害链式效应

Chain effects of disaster in the area of coal industrial chain extension risk

近年来,国内大型煤炭企业纷纷选择向下游延伸产业链,现已形成了煤焦化、煤电化、煤油化3条产业路径;但是,煤炭企业产业链延伸风险管理的现状不容乐观。煤炭企业产业链风险管理,实质是针对多项目的风险管理,对风险因素的发生呈现灾害链式效应的特征。对煤炭企业产业链延伸风险管理应从多项目管理角度进行阶段划分,按照项目组合、项目集和单一项目分层进行管理。项目组合风险管理可依循基本管理模式进行。在此基础上,针对煤炭企业在产业链延伸过程当中可能遇到的风险,提出了一般性对策,以有效地预防、识别、降低和规避煤炭产业链延伸的经营战略风险。

Domestic coal enterprises had choice to downstream extensions industry chain, three industrial path had been formed, including the coal coking,coal-turning-electricity and kerosenization. However, the current situation of the risk management in coal enterprise industry chain extension is not optimistic. According to the theory of multi-project risk management, the risk management process of the coal industry chain extension should be regarded as three phases, including portfolio risk management, program risk management and independent project risk management. The basic management mode was given. Considering the possible risk during the process of the coal industry chain extension, a series of countermeasures has been put forward for the precaution, identification, reduction and avoiding of strategy risks in the coal industrial chain extension.