秦汉时期编户民对皇权的崇拜和依附

Study on the Registered Population's Worship and Dependence on the Emperor Authority in Qin and Han Dynasties

秦汉编户民直隶国家,其土地、官爵、财产均来自皇权,这是他们皇权崇拜的基础。皇帝、朝廷、官府,具有超阶级性,其对贵族、官僚、豪强的抑制、打击是为了维持小农经济。编户民对皇权的崇拜和依附,与统治者一统化思想控制有关。统治者神化皇权,搞天人感应,是由于民间本身就有神鬼观念和深厚的敬天祀鬼传统,这是统治者天命、符瑞、谶纬、五德转换、皇权神授等等宣传有效的基础。皇权既神授又可及,这与家国同构、君父相连、忠孝一体的文化特点有关。

In Qin and Han Dynasties, the registered population's land, rank and property were all from the emperor authority, which was the base of the worship of emperor authority. Emperor, court, government were beyond their class. Thus the aim of restraining and attacking nobles, bureaucrats and despots was to maintain the peasant economy. The registered population's worship and dependence on emperor authority were related to rulers' unified thought control. Since there were traditional ideas of ghosts and supernatural beings in the common people, the rulers deified emperor authority and advocated the theory of interaction between heaven and man. This was the effective basis on which the rulers disseminated Natural Law, Furui, Chenwei, the Theory of the Cycle Movement of Five Elements, and Divine Right. Emperor authority was not only from supernatural beings, but was understood personally, which was related to the unified cultural characteristics of home and state, emperor and father, loyalty and filial piety.