先秦时期的基层组织——乡

Township-The Basic Organization in Pre-Qin Period

"乡"最早出现于甲骨文和陶文中,反映了具有浓厚血缘特征的亲族关系。随着阶级社会的发展和基层组织体系的完善,"乡"逐渐演变为一级重要的基层行政组织,并突破了国野制度的限制和血缘关系的束缚。至春秋战国之际,乡制在各诸侯国中得以普遍的确立。"乡"的发展演变是研究和探讨先秦时期基层组织管理体系发展、变化的一个重要剖面。

The township appeared firstly in the inscription on animal bones and tortoise shells and the pottery inscription. It reflected strong blood relationship. With the social development and the consummation of basic organization system, the township gradually evolved into important basic unit administration organization and broke the country system's limit and the blood relationship. In the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States, the township system in each Zhu Houguo established universally. The evolution of township is an important section for the studies and discusses of basic organization during the pre-Qin period.