一次影响深远的史学辩论——司马迁与壶遂对话的再认识

Re-understanding of the Dialogue between Sima Qian and Hu Sui

《史记·太史公自序》所记司马迁与壶遂的对话,本质上涉及史书的社会作用、历史撰述与时代的关系以及史官的神圣职责等重大问题,是中国史学史上第一次关于史学价值的辩论,其意义重大,影响深远。本文在前人研究基础上,对此作深入的再探讨、再认识,依次论述了壶遂对司马迁的质疑,以及司马迁在回答壶遂所问中对《春秋》一书、修史传统和史官职责等问题所作的精辟分析。

The dialogue between Sima Qian and Hu Sui in Shiji, which essentially involves the social role of history records, the relation between historical writing and the times, and sacred duty of historiographer, was the first debate about historical value in the history of Chinese historiography. Based on previous research, this paper makes a further discussion.