汉代妇女政策研究

Interpreting Women's Status in the Han Dynasty from the Perspective of Policies of Women

汉代有关妇女的赋税政策规定妇女和男子一样承担各种赋税,这就使妇女的劳动贡献突破了家庭范围而直接面对国家,从而具备了获得社会性成人身份的一个根本条件。汉代法律还规定妇女享有财产继承权,这使她们在家庭和社会中的经济地位得到了体现。另外,汉代制定的一系列政策和颁布的诏令中,都有优待和维护妇女应得权益的措施,如:对女性的分封与赏赐;对孤寡老弱女性的物质优待;对女性囚犯的人道照顾;对"贞妇"的奖励。这从某种程度上反映了汉代统治者对妇女权益的保护,从而在政策上保障了妇女获得较高的权益和地位。

In the Han Dynasty,the tax policies relevant to women stipulated that women should burden the same taxes with men,which made women's labor contribution turn to the state from the family on the one hand and made women possess the qualification for the social status on the other hand.The laws in the Han Dynasty also stipulated that women enjoyed the right of property inheritance,which embodied their economic status in the family and society.In addition,measures to give women special treatment and maintain women's deserved rights could also be found in a series of policies made by the government and in the imperial edicts.For example,the enfeoffment and rewards to women,the material privileges for those who were alone,widowed,old and weak,the humanity care for the women prisoners,and the encouragement to chaste women,all of which reflected the government's protection of women's rights and guaranteed the women have enough rights and higher status in the policies.