语言学新增长点思考之二:语言与哲学的交织对我们的启发——古希腊哲学家论语言

The Second Paper on the New Increment of Linguistics: Inspiration from the Interwoven Relationship of Philosophy and Language The Ideas of Language by Ancient Greek Philosophers

本文梳理了古希腊哲学家如何从语言"tobe"的用法中得到启发建立起形而上学的哲学研究思路,以及他们有关语言的论述。这有助于我们进一步理解西方的语言与哲学之间的交织关系,也可见19世纪末20世纪初所产生的语言哲学有着久远的理论基础。他们的观点至今对语言学界仍有很重要的启发意义,是语言学研究的一个新增长点。笔者主张将being(是、存在、有)译为"毕因",ontology(原译"本体论"、"存在论"、"是论"、"有论")译为"毕因论",以避免当前这两个术语翻译不统一所带来的麻烦。本文还论述了哲学界与语言学界关于唯名论和唯实论的基本观点。

This paper has straightened out how the ancient Greek philosophers established metaphysics based on the usage of ' to be' in language and their ideas on language, which is beneficial to our deep understanding of the interwoven relationship between philosophy and language, and which have laid a good theoretical foundation for the philosophy of language at the turn of the 20th Century. Their ideas about language are still significant to the linguists today and will be a new increment point of linguistic studies. The author also deals with the translation of 'being' as 'Biyin', of 'ontology' as 'Biyinlun', which may be a good choice for the present situation in which the two terms have been translated in many different ways. This paper is also concerned about the basic principle of nominalism and realism in philosophy and linguistics.