试析国民政府基层社会控制与建设的政纲——管教养卫

The Political Program of Kuomintang Government to Control and Construct Local Authority

管教养卫是国民政府乡村基层社会控制与建设的政纲,四者中,先有教养卫,后有管。蒋介石、杨永泰以及当时的众多县政专家对管教养卫的解释都不尽相同,他们在理论上对管教养卫的内涵与外延不断地加以改变、丰富,经历了从最初单纯强调某些问题的重要性到与地方自治、保甲制度、新县制融会贯通的过程。在实际运作中,国民政府地方基层行政人员大多借用管教养卫的概念,以加强对基层民众的政治压制与经济盘剥,民众感受到管教养卫带给他们更多的是负担与义务,而非利益。管教养卫的提出与宣扬,是民国时期基层社会控制体系转型中国家行政控制力向下延伸的理论表现。

'Managing,Teaching,Breeding and Protecting'was the political program which the Kuomintang Government implemented to control and construct local authority,of which Managing came later than the others.The county government experts at that time such as Jiang Jieshi Yang Yongtai and someone else explained it differently who enriched its connotation and extension in theory,emphasized some importance unilaterally firstly and then comprehended it with local self-government,Bao-Jia system and New County System together.However,the local authority of the Kuomintang implemented it as a pretext to control and exploit local people more,so the masses thought what they had gotten was burden and obligation but no benefit.When the power of the state expanded during the Republic of China,it came into being and blazoned forth as a theory for the country whose system of social control was on transition.