论美国公共行政管制的发展与变革(一)

The Development and Reform of American Public Administrative Regulation

公共行政管制是政府职能的重要方面,在规范市场经济秩序、增进公民福利、维护社会稳定等方面发挥着积极作用。美国的公共行政管制历经19世纪后半叶的早期发展和20世纪以来的全面发展与变革,因管制力度较大和体制较为完善被称为"管制资本主义"。美国的公共行政管制在体制上突出地表现为独立管制机构权力三位一体,由国会、总统和联邦最高法院共同构成的"三重监督体系"较大程度地规范了公共行政管制机构的行为。美国公共行政管制的发展与变革,显示了公共行政过程与社会发展中追求社会公平和经济效率二者间的矛盾,美国公共行政管制的发展和体制改革将继续下去。

Public Administrative Regulation is an important duty of the government.It has a positive effect on standardizing market order,promoting people’s benefits and maintaining social stability.American public administrative regulation has experienced early development in the last half 19th century and overall growing and reform from 20th century.It is named as'regulated capitalism'for its strong and perfect regulation system.American public administrative regulation system is the polity combining legislative,administrative and judicial powers.The threefold supervising system constituted by congress,president and federal highest court standardizes the action of public administrative regulatory organizations.The development and reform of the American public administrative regulation expresses the contradiction between pursuing social equality and economic efficiency in the process of public administration and social development.So the development and reform of American public administrative regulation will go on.