明清时期失意举子的职业走向

Jobs for the Failed Scholars in the Imperial Examination in Ming and Ching Dynasties

明清时期科举考试失意者中的许多人转变为私塾中的教师,塾师成为当时社会一个庞大的阶层,尽管这些人的经济地位相差很大,但却在总体上、客观上促进了全社会教育的普及。此外,许多落第者走进三教九流之中。科举制度由此突破了选官的局限,产生了深刻的社会影响。

At Ming and Ching dynasties,the class of private teachers became a very large social group since many scholars went to teach in the private schools after they had failed the imperial examination.Although their economic status varied,their work had greatly promoted the popularization of education in the whole society.Moreover,many of them went to the community of ordinary people to practice various occupations.Through these,the imperial examination system brought significant influence to the society besides official selection.