民法上相邻关系的界定——兼论法律概念的制作

On Defining the Adjacent Relation in Civil Law——Concurrently On the Creation of Legal Concepts

相邻关系这样的概念所要表达的应该是对现实生活的一种概括和抽象,只是这一表述高于实际生活,是经过法学思维加工的。在相邻关系的具体描述中,有相邻关系与相邻权两个不同的称谓。"相邻权"的提法,本身就需要进行严格的界定,要说明"权"是指权能还是权利。法律概念应该是在法律规则意义上的界定,法律规则的适用范围、构成要件和法律效果都是通过法律概念来表述的,通过法律概念将事实涵摄到规则的评价范围,进行法律作业。相邻关系,作为具有规范意义的法律规则,在进行定义时,除了要遵守逻辑学的要求,还应遵循法律规则的结构要求。相邻关系就是一种经验描述性的民俗法律概念,它来源于生动的生活现实,因此,在进行概念总结时需要梳理界定相邻关系的各种事实要素,以确定描述范围,即从对物的范围和对人的范围两个方面界定相邻关系这一法律概念的涵义范围。

The concept of the adjacent relation is the generalization and Abstraction of real life,which is processed by legal thinking and more Abstract than real life.As for the specific description of the adjacent relation,there are two different definitions of the adjacent relation and the adjacent rights.The definition of 'the adjacent rights' itself requires a strict specification of 'rights' to refer to either power and function or rights.The legal concept should define the meaning,the application scope,the constitution,and the legal effect of legal rules.The legal concept integrates facts into the evaluation field of rules so as to be operated by laws.As a legal rule with normative sense,the adjacent relation should be defined in accordance with logic and the structure requirement of legal rules.Besides,the adjacent relation refers to a legal concept of civic custom with experience and descriptive nature,which originates from real life.Therefore,in defining the adjacent relation,various facts should be analyzed and summarized to specify the descriptive scope,and from two perspectives of objects and persons to define the meaning of the legal concept.