美国侵权法上的售后危险警告义务研究

Study on the Post Sale Duty to Warn in American Torts Law

产品的生产商一旦知道或者应当知道其投入流通的产品存在某种危及使用者人身或者财产安全的危险,就要对其产品的使用者承担售后危险警告义务,要采取合理措施警告产品使用者当心所存在的危险,否则,要就其没有进行售后警告的产品引起的损害对产品使用者承担侵权责任;此种侵权责任仅仅是过失侵权责任而非严格责任,以产品生产商存在过失作为条件;产品售后警告义务的确立使产品生产商承担的警告义务和侵权责任得以拓展,为产品使用者提供更安全的保护;在建立生产商售后警告义务的时候要考虑众多复杂问题。

The products manufacture should bear the post sale duty to warn and take proper measure to warn consumers of the potential danger once he knows or should know that some danger to consumers'body or property has existed in the products which have been put into commercial circulation.Otherwise,the manufacture should assume the tort liability to the injured consumer of damages caused by products whose danger has not been warned after sale.This tort liability is mere negligent liability rather than strict liability,with the manufacture's negligence as a requirement.The manufacture's duty to warn and tort liability will be extended if the post sale duty to warn is established,and the consumer will get more protection.Yet,lots of complex issued should be considered on establishment of such duty.